Proteinuria in children

With routine analysis of urine in children often detect proteinuria. Proteinuria can be benign if it is transient or combined with fever, physical activity, stagnant heart failure; However, it can also be the key to the diagnosis of glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome or other renal diseases.

There are several clinical methods to detect proteinuria. Diagnostic ribbons for urine (for example, Albustic) detect only albumin and provide a qualitative assessment of the excretion of protein with urine. If urine has a pronounced alkaline reaction (pH 7.0), it can give a pseudo-positive result on albumin, it can happen if the water is dirty by antiseptics, such as chlorhexidine or benzalconium chloride. Pseudo-delegative results by protein may occur during urine dilution or with pathological conditions when the dominant urine protein is albumin.

Traditionally, the quantitative determination of the excretion of protein with urine is carried out by collecting it at certain intervals for 12-24 hours. In children, the normal indicator of the excretion of protein with urine does not exceed 4 mg / m2 / year, pathological excretion - 4-40 mg / m2, nephrotic syndrome is diagnosed when excretion exceeds 40 mg / m2 / year or 1 g / m2 / day.

As the skin disease progressing in the affected areas there are gangrenous nests and calcium salts deposition. In addition to the skin, the changes also affect the internal organs. The lungs develop connecting tissue, with their seal, spikes, difficult breathing, frequent development of pneumonia. Changes also affect the esophagus, where the mucous membrane is atrophied and smoothed, the peristalsis is weakened, and the esophagus is appear at a later stage and a swallowing disorder. Pathology also affects the kidneys, developing progressive renal failure.

Treatment is carried out by a doctor. Used both vasodilators and corticosteroids, immunosuppressants and biostimulants, balneology and climatotherapy, as well as physical procedures (paraffin, ultrasound, massage, etc.).

With limited form, the sclerodermia changes concern only skin. The disease amazes all age and occurs 3-5 times more often in women. There are several options for the disease, the most common of which is the option of plaques. Symptoms are localized on the body. One or more reddish spots appear, which grow up on the periphery and gradually form a flare. In the center, the plaque fades and creates a porcelain view. Subsequently, the flare applies and skin anomaly remains in its place.

Treatment is carried out by a dermatologist. Medicines and procedures are used, the same as during progressive sclerodermia. After spending many hours working, we have selected the best online casinos in the world and divided them into convenient categories by country.

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