The strength of a ship is the ability of its hull not to collapse or change its shape under permanent and temporary forces. A distinction is made between general and local strength.

General strength

The general longitudinal strength of a ship's hull is its ability to withstand external forces applied along its length.

The general strength of the ship is ensured by the watertight envelope which is the planking and upper deck, decking of other decks, longitudinal bulkheads with their supporting structures and all structural ties which are longer than the sideboard height.

Local Strength

The local strength of a hull shall be determined by the ability of its individual structures to resist additional forces. Primarily seawater pressure and concentrated loads.

In order to ensure local strength of individual structures, special local reinforcement shall be provided.

Ship stability

Apart from strength, ship structures must also be stable. They must not change their shape under the action of compression forces (e.g. decks must not bulge, bulkheads must not bend, etc). Additional stiffening ribs or other reinforcements shall be fitted to ensure the necessary stability of the structures.

The general strength of the vessel is calculated by determining the dimensions of its strong bonds and calculating the internal stresses which arise in them under the action of applied forces. If the occurring stresses do not exceed the allowable stresses in the material, the strength of the vessel is assured. If the opposite is the case, the bond dimensions should be increased, and the strength calculation should be carried out again. This calculation requires knowing the moment of resistance of the cross-section in the middle of the hull length.

In structural mechanics, the hull is assumed to be a hollow composite beam of complex construction. The calculation of such a beam is reduced to the calculation of the moment of resistance of the so-called equivalent beam which is a notional composite beam whose individual parts have an area and height arrangement similar to the corresponding elements of the hull's strong links which are involved in ensuring the longitudinal strength of the ship.

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